Covalent bonding can occur in single, double or triple bonds. It cannot occur in quadruple bonds. That is why carbon cannot form a C2 compound to fill its valence level.
Compounds are diagrammed in Lewis Dot Structures. These diagrams can be simple:
Or very complex:
Just throwing elements together can really be complicated if you do not do it right, however. But Mr. Lieberman, being the great teacher he is, gave us a few of guidelines to draw them:
1. Count the # of valence electrons (total) in the compound. Remember to keep ions intact.
2. Predict the arrangement of atoms in the compound. The first atom in the formula is generally in the center, unless it's Hydrogen.
3. Form single bonds, and see how many valence electrons are still left over.
4. Place electrons around the exterior elements until they have a full valence level, then do the same for the center atom. Remember, their can only be 8 total electrons around each element, unless it is on a row with transition metals.
5. If more electrons are needed, draw double and triple bonds.
And then you've got a Lewis Diagram!!!! (That was fun, wasn't it). The next scribe will be: MEEEEE :(
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