Naming Compounds

We began class this fine Friday afternoon with a happy reminder that we have a BIG test covering the whole unit coming up on this Thursday, October 14. So remember to have all of your book problems and worksheets done and ready to be graded. We also have a Chemthink on Ions due this Monday.

After going over the things happening next week, we worked on the sheets, which we had picked up at the beginning of class, with our partners. The sheet was called naming compounds. On the first side of the sheet was a list of compounds, which consisted of a metal and non-metal. When you have a compound of a main metal and a non-metal you characterize it it with a two part name. The first word in the name is the metal, or the positively charged ion. And the second part would be the non-metal, or the negatively charged ion. The second part, the non-metal, always ends with the suffix "-ide." So we tried our luck at naming a few ourselves.

Some examples are:

- NaBr Which is Sodium Bromide

- CaF₂ Which is Calcium Fluoride

- Al₂S₃ Which is Aluminum Sulfide

After that we flipped the page over and did part 2, the difference now was that we were using transitional metals which can have multiple charges. So to wright the name of one of these you do the first name which is the transitional metal, or positively charged ion then you do the Roman numeral number for the charge in parentheses. Then you would wright the second part for the next element which would ,again, end in "-ide."

Some examples are:

- FeBr₃ Which is Iron (III) Bromide

- NiS Which is Nickle (II) Sulfide

- CoCl₂ Which is Cobalt (II) Chloride

After we had finished the worksheet we went back to our seats and went over some notes. These notes were from slides "Names of compounds-Cations" to "Ionic Compounds." At the end of class he told us to remember some polyatomic ions, such as:

OH- Hydroxide

NH₄⁺ Ammonium

NO₃^- Nitrate

CO₃^2- Carbonate

PO₄^3- Phosphate

SO₄^2- Sulfate

The other naming compounds worksheet we received is due thursday (the day of the test.)

Also start studying for the test and a pop-quiz we were warned about which could come on Monday or Tuesday.

Now the next scribe will be... John A.

Polyatomic Ions, Valence Electrons, and Explosions!

Today we started class by recapping that the families on the periodic table have similar properties.

Specifically we talked about the Alkali metals and how the Alkali metals reactivity intensives as you go down. For example if you go down the list : Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr. Their corrosive reactivity speed with oxygen increases along with their explosiveness with water. So lithium slowly corrodes away in the presence of oxygen, while Francium corrodes away practically instantly. Although the credibility of the actually explosives in the video below are questionable it definitely helps to illustrate the point. :)



Soon after we began talking about valence electrons. The number of valence electrons an element has correspond to the group number they are in.
For Example:

• Group 1 -> 1 Valence Electron
• Group 2 -> 2 Valence Electrons
• Groups 3-12 do not follow this rule and should be ignored (for now)
• Group 13 -> 3 Valence Electrons
• Group 14 -> 4 Valence Electrons
• etc...

Common Polyatomic Ions
Here is a list of some of the common polyatomic ions that we went over in class.

• OH^- Hydroxide
• NH₄⁺ Ammonium
• NO₃^- Nitrate
• CO₃^2- Carbonate
• PO₄^3- Phosphate
• SO₄^2- Sulfate

We finished the discussion by talking about how many electrons elements want to loose to become stable. Basically elements in Groups 1-2 and 13-14 what to have a full outer set of electrons or have 8 electrons in their outer level. To accomplish this elements can do a range of things that don't always follow an exact model. General speaking though elements will do whatever is easiest.
For Example:

• Elements in Group 2 typically loose 2 electrons.
• Elements in Column 1 typically loose 1 electron.
• Elements in Group 16 typically like to gain 2 electrons.

Using the general guidelines above a pattern begins to arise.

1. Metals generally form positive ions.
2. Nonmetals generally form negative ions.

That was are day in a nutshell. I intentionally didn't go over the notes because I think the speak incredibly well for themselves. If you misplaced yours our simply want to test your knowledge you can flip through the slides below.

Periodic table

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The Periodic Table

Today was a notes day... sort of. Between annoying songs and discussions of Nobel prize winners, we did an isotope review sheet and talked about Mendeleev and the Periodic Table. On the review sheet, we filled in missing information about the isotopes given to us and outlined the differences between electrons, protons, and neutrons. The sheet can be found at:

http://gbs-moodle.glenbrook225.org/moodle/file.php/1814/Worksheets_Unit_2/isotopes.doc

and the answers at:

http://gbs-moodle.glenbrook225.org/moodle/file.php/1814/Worksheets_Unit_2/isotopes_answers.pdf

Today's notes contained three major points. First was about the orgin of the periodic table, second was summing up what we learned from the Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids lab, and third was about specific groups on the periodic table. I would put an awesome powerpoint thingy in here, but today's notes aren't on moodle yet so i'll try and get the most important info down for you.

Mendeleev

• Medeleev, Dimitri 1836-1907
• Arranged elements by chemical properties
• Left space for unknown elements at the time
• Predicted properties for unknown elements

Properties of Metals

• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Shiny
• Ductile
• Malleable
• Reacts with water - corrrodes

Properties of Non-metals

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Not ductile
• Not malleable
• Dull and brittle
• Most are gasses

Properties of Metalloids

• Both Metal and Non-metal properties
• Shiny or dull
• Not as good as Metals at conducting heat and electricity
• Ductile
• Malleable

Periods and Groups

• Periods and horizontal rows
• Groups are vertical columns (1-18)

Alkali Metals

• In the first group
• 1 valence electron
• Shiny
• Clay-like

Alkaline Earth Metals

• In the second group
• Always combined in nature
• 2 valence electrons

Transition Metals

• Groups 3-12
• Good conductors of heat and electricity

Halogen Family

• Group 17
• 7 valence electrons
• Very reactive
• Always combined

Noble Gases

• Group 18
• Outermost energy level is full
• Non-reactive
• Small amounts in atmosphere

Rare Earth Elements

• Lanthanide and Actinide
• Trans-uranium, or man-made

Just in case you wanted to hear it another thirty times, here is the Element Song

The next scribe is Austin W.

Out of This World

Hey guys! Sorry for the late post, I had a volleyball game all the way in Waukegan. Happy to report that we crushed them, if you care. Anyways...we spent most of our day today working on the Periodic Table of Aliens activity in which we were given 38 different alien pictures arranged in a random order that we then had to arrange into a periodic table-type format with the rows and columns each arranged so that they contained one trait that remained exactly the same and one trait that consistently changed.

My partner, Mollie, and I first began by cutting all of the aliens out and separating them by body shape. We noticed that there were eight of each kind (except for two groups that had seven) and this was the number of columns there were supposed to be in the table. So, we began to arrange them into rows. We then noticed that for every one of the five types of body shapes the aliens were holding up the numbers 1-8, so we arranged them in numerical order. Once we had the five rows of body types and the eight columns of the numbers laid out, we started to notice a pattern in other areas such as the hair, legs, and feet. The traits consistently went from least to greatest depending on what body type they had. For example, all of the downward facing triangles had the largest amount of that trait; five spikes, biggest feet, six legs. So we arranged the rows by body type in the order of upward facing triangle, circle, rectangle, double circle, and downward facing triangle.

My final table looked like this:

There were two empty spaces in this periodic table fall in the last column of the second row, and the fifth column of the fifth row. Looking at the patterns of the chart, we discovered that the first missing alien would have a circular body, eight fingers, no hair, one eye, and three legs. The second missing alien would have a downward triangle body, five lines of hair, five fingers, two eyes, and two legs.

My drawing of the "next" alien was after the last row in the first column, and my alien was going to have six spikes, one finger, two legs, and two eyes. While I can be sure the alien will have these traits, i do not know what shape his body will be.

No need to compliment my artwork, I know its great. The final thing we had for homework tonight was to finish the metals, nonmetals, metalloids lab. The post lab questions are asking us to use our data to classify each of the elements we tested as a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. I found that checking my answers with a periodic table was very helpful. I found that aluminum, iron, magnesium, tin, and zinc were metals; sulfur and carbon were non metals; and silicon is a metalloid. Well, that is all for today guys! The next scribe is....Ben W!

Classifying Elements

Hey everyone! Today in class we worked on the Metal, Nonmetal, Metalloid Lab. In this lab, we worked to classify eight elements, based on their physical and chemical properties, as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. These eight elements included: Aluminum, Carbon, Iron, Magnesium, Silicon, Sulfur, Tin, and Zinc. We classified them based on the physical properties of appearance, luster, malleability/brittleness, and electrical conductivity. We also tested the chemical properties using hdrochloric acid and a copper chloride solution in test tubes. Everyone had to be careful with the Copper Chloride because it is corrosive to the skin and eyes.
For physical properties, we looked at the appearance of the different elements. Al was spherical and silver. C was Black and powdery. Fe was strong and silver. Mg had ridges and was silver. Si was powdery, silver and strong. S was yellow and powdery. Sn was clumpy and silver. Zn was flat, grey, and smooth. For luster, Al, Fe, Mg, Si, and Sn are all shiny. C, S, and Zn were all dull. C, Si, and S were brittle.
The rest were malleable. Al, Fe, Mg, and Sn were conductive to electricity. C and Mg reacted with the HCl by creating bubbles. Al, C, Mg, Sn, and Zn all reacted with the Copper Chloride by having a corrosive effect on the element and by creating bubbles. They were claasified, using this information, for metals if they had luster, malleability, and conductive to elecricity. Many metals also react with acids and Copper Chloride solution. Nonmetals are dull, brittle, and do not conduct electricity. Most nonmetals do not react with acids and Copper Chloride solution. Elements that have at least two properties of both are considered metalloids. The rest is in the post-lab! Oh, and thank you John for helping me with the pictures. The next scribe is........Kaitlin S.!